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IBM creates nano 3D world map |
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IBM has created a miniature 3D map of the Earth that is so small that a thousand of them could fit on a single grain of salt. IBM scientists created the map though a breakthrough technique that uses a tiny, silicon tip with a sharp apex — 100,000 times smaller than a sharpened pencil — to create patterns and structures as small as 15 nanometers at greatly reduced cost and complexity. IBM said this patterning technique opens new prospects for developing nano-sized objects in fields such as electronics, future chip technology, medicine, life sciences, and optoelectronics. To demonstrate its capability, the team created several 3D and 2D patterns using different materials for each, as as reported in the scientific journals Science and Advanced Materials: 
 The core component of the new technique that was developed by a team of IBM scientists, is a tiny, very sharp silicon tip measuring 500 nanometers in length and only a few nanometers at its apex. The tip, similar to the ones used in atomic force microscopes, is attached to a bendable cantilever that controllably scans the surface of the substrate material with the accuracy of one nanometer—a millionth of a millimeter. By applying heat and force, the nano-sized tip can remove substrate material based on predefined patterns, thus operating like a "nanomilling" machine with ultra-high precision. IBM's new technique achieves resolutions as high as 15 nanometers — with a potential of going even smaller. Potential applications of the new technology, IBM said, range from the fast prototyping of nano-sized devices for future computer chips to the production of well defined micron-sized optical elements like aspheric lenses and lens-arrays for optoelectronics and on-chip optical communication. |
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